Military personnel must be ready to respond to any situation that may arise, ranging from engaging in large-scale conflict, to providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, to conducting maritime security operations, such as protecting international shipping, deterring piracy, providing port and harbor security, and fighting drug smuggling. Service members must train realistically to be prepared to respond to an urgent situation or an act of aggression at a moment’s notice. Military readiness activities ensure service members are prepared when needed. For this project, the term “military readiness activities” includes at-sea training and testing activities and modernizing and sustaining ranges to support these activities.