Adversaries of the United States have and continue to acquire modern, quiet submarines that can pose serious threats to national security, the safety of military forces, and the nation’s economy. Active sonar is the most effective method of detecting, identifying, and tracking underwater threats, such as quiet submarines and in-water mines. 

Most training and testing activities conducted in the Study Area use inert or non-explosive ordnance. However, military personnel must also train in a variety of high-stress environments, including scenarios that involve the use of and exposure to explosive ordnance, to be ready to respond to emergencies and national security threats. 

At-sea activities that use active sonar, explosives, or other sources of underwater sound would employ mitigation measures intended to reduce or avoid adverse effects on marine species. Notices to mariners and aviators would be issued to ensure public safety. Safety buffers are also established around at-sea activity areas when explosives are in use.